August is one of the few months in the birthstone calendar to be represented by three distinct gemstones: peridot, sardonyx, and spinel. Each of these stones offers a unique blend of color, symbolism, and historical significance, making them more than just decorative adornments—they are rich in meaning and cultural legacy. For those born in August, these gemstones serve as a vibrant and meaningful way to celebrate their birth month, while also offering a window into the geological and historical narratives that define their beauty.
This article delves into the physical, historical, and cultural dimensions of these August birthstones. We explore their origins, gemological properties, and the symbolism that has been attributed to them across different cultures and eras. Additionally, we examine the modern recognition of these stones and the reasons behind their inclusion in the list of August birthstones.
Introduction
The August birthstone trio—peridot, sardonyx, and spinel—has been recognized for centuries for its vibrant colors and symbolic significance. Peridot, with its bright green hue, is often described as the "sun gem" for its warm, luminous appearance. Sardonyx, a banded chalcedony, is marked by its layered red-brown and white stripes, while spinel dazzles with a wide range of colors, including deep red and vivid pink. Each stone offers not only aesthetic beauty but also rich historical and cultural narratives that have shaped their roles in jewelry and personal adornment.
These gemstones are more than just stones—they are symbols of vitality, courage, and protection. Whether one is drawn to the healing properties of peridot, the protective qualities of sardonyx, or the vibrant energy of spinel, there is a gem to suit every taste and need. In the following sections, we explore the origins, gemological properties, symbolic meanings, and practical considerations for caring for each of these August birthstones.
History and Lore
The history of August’s birthstones is as colorful as their appearance. Peridot, in particular, has a long and storied past. Known in ancient times as the "Evening Emerald," peridot was highly prized by Egyptian pharaohs, who believed it to have protective qualities. In fact, some of the finest peridots were found in the volcanic island of Zabargad, which was mined by Egyptian workers under the orders of the pharaohs. This gemstone was so valued that it was often used in royal jewelry and even placed in mummies for protection in the afterlife.
Peridot's association with light and protection is not limited to ancient Egypt. In medieval Europe, peridot was believed to ward off nightmares and was often carried as a protective talisman. Some legends even suggest that peridot was the gemstone used in the golden apples of the Garden of Eden. These stories highlight the enduring appeal and mystique of peridot, which continues to be cherished today.
Sardonyx, on the other hand, has its roots in ancient Rome and Greece. The name "sardonyx" is derived from the Greek words "sardion," meaning "red," and "onyx," referring to the banded appearance of the stone. Sardonyx was widely used in signet rings and was believed to offer protection and strength to its wearer. Roman soldiers often carried sardonyx rings, believing that the stone would grant them courage and resilience on the battlefield.
Spinel, the youngest of the three August birthstones, has a fascinating but more recent history. Though often mistaken for ruby in ancient times due to its similar color, spinel was only recognized as a distinct gemstone in the 18th century. The most famous example of this misidentification is the "Black Prince’s Ruby," which is actually a large spinel. Spinel has since gained recognition for its brilliance and variety of colors, and it was officially added to the list of August birthstones in 2016 by the American Gem Trade Association.
Geological Formation and Sources
Understanding the geological origins of these gemstones provides insight into their rarity and beauty. Each of the August birthstones forms under different conditions and is found in specific locations around the world.
Peridot
Peridot is a magnesium iron silicate that forms deep within the Earth's mantle. It is brought to the surface through volcanic activity and is often found in basaltic rocks. The most famous source of high-quality peridot is the island of Zabargad, located in the Red Sea. Other notable sources include Arizona, the United States, and Myanmar. Peridot is relatively abundant compared to other gemstones, but stones with a vivid green color and minimal inclusions are considered the most valuable.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a type of chalcedony, which is a form of microcrystalline quartz. It is formed through the slow deposition of silica in cavities within rocks, often under conditions of high pressure and heat. Sardonyx is found in a variety of locations, including India, Brazil, and the United States. The most prized sardonyx is characterized by its distinct red-brown and white bands, which create a striking contrast and make it ideal for carving and engraving.
Spinel
Spinel forms in igneous rocks, particularly in metamorphosed limestones and in the alluvial deposits of ancient riverbeds. The finest spinel is often found in deposits in Myanmar, Vietnam, and Sri Lanka. Spinel comes in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, orange, blue, and even black. The red and pink varieties are the most popular and are often used in fine jewelry. Spinel is known for its hardness and brilliance, making it a durable and attractive gemstone.
Gemological Properties
Each of the August birthstones has its own unique set of gemological properties that define its appearance, durability, and value. These properties are essential for understanding how to best care for and appreciate these gemstones.
| Gemstone | Color | Hardness (Mohs) | Chemical Formula | Refractive Index | Specific Gravity | Common Inclusions | Best Cut |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Green (yellow-green to olive green) | 6.5–7 | Mg₁.₉Fe₀.₁SiO₄ | 1.65–1.70 | 3.34–4.50 | Often visible inclusions | Emerald or Mixed |
| Sardonyx | Red-brown and white bands | 6.5–7 | SiO₂ | Varies with quartz | 2.58–2.64 | Rare inclusions | Cabochon or Bezel |
| Spinel | Red, pink, orange, blue, black | 8 | MgAl₂O₄ | 1.718–1.722 | 3.98–4.10 | Rare, clean stones | Brilliant or Round |
Peridot
Peridot is known for its vibrant green color, which is caused by the presence of iron. Its hardness on the Mohs scale is between 6.5 and 7, making it relatively durable but still susceptible to scratches and damage from harder materials. Peridot is often cut in an emerald or mixed cut to enhance its clarity and brilliance. High-quality peridot is relatively rare, especially when it comes to stones with a pure green color and minimal inclusions.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a banded chalcedony, which means it is a form of microcrystalline quartz. It has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday wear, especially in rings and bracelets. Sardonyx is often cut in a cabochon or bezel setting to showcase its banding. Because it is a porous stone, it is best to avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaning agents when caring for sardonyx.
Spinel
Spinel is a hard and durable gemstone with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for a wide range of jewelry settings. It is known for its brilliance and fire, which are comparable to those of ruby and sapphire. Spinel is often cut in a brilliant or round cut to maximize its sparkle. High-quality spinel is rare and valuable, especially in red and pink colors.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism of August birthstones is deeply rooted in history and culture. Each of these gemstones has been associated with a range of meanings and metaphysical properties that have been passed down through generations.
Peridot
Peridot is often associated with light, prosperity, and protection. In ancient Egypt, it was believed to ward off evil spirits and was used in protective amulets. Medieval Europeans believed that peridot could help with healing and was particularly useful in treating nightmares and digestive issues. In modern times, peridot is often used in crystal healing to promote emotional balance and to help with stress and anxiety. It is also associated with love, friendship, and compassion, making it a meaningful gemstone for those born in August.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx has long been associated with courage, strength, and protection. In ancient Rome, it was believed to offer protection to soldiers and was often used in signet rings as a protective talisman. Sardonyx is also associated with communication and truth, making it a popular stone for those who want to express themselves clearly and confidently. In modern times, sardonyx is used in crystal healing to help with focus, determination, and emotional stability.
Spinel
Spinel is a gemstone of vitality and energy. It is often associated with passion, courage, and creativity. In medieval times, spinel was believed to have healing properties and was used to treat a variety of ailments. In modern times, spinel is used in crystal healing to promote emotional strength and to help with motivation and confidence. It is also associated with love and relationships, making it a popular choice for engagement rings and anniversary gifts.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential for preserving the beauty and value of August birthstones. Each gemstone has its own unique requirements for cleaning and storage, which are based on its physical properties and sensitivity to heat, light, and chemicals.
Peridot
Peridot is relatively soft compared to other gemstones, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. It is also sensitive to heat and light, which can cause it to fade or become brittle. To clean peridot, it is best to use a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid using harsh chemicals, steam cleaners, or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the stone. Store peridot separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a durable gemstone with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. It is also porous, which means it can absorb oils and dirt over time. To clean sardonyx, use a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, as these can damage the stone's surface. Store sardonyx in a dry, cool place, away from direct sunlight and other gemstones that may scratch it.
Spinel
Spinel is a hard and durable gemstone with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale. It is also resistant to heat and light, making it easy to care for and maintain. To clean spinel, use a soft cloth and mild soap and water. You can also use an ultrasonic cleaner or steam cleaner, but avoid using harsh chemicals. Store spinel separately from softer gemstones to prevent scratches.
Conclusion
The August birthstones—peridot, sardonyx, and spinel—represent a rich tapestry of color, history, and meaning. From the ancient Egyptian pharaohs who prized peridot for its protective qualities to the Roman soldiers who wore sardonyx for strength and courage, these gemstones have played a significant role in human history. Today, they continue to be cherished for their beauty, symbolism, and versatility in jewelry and personal adornment.
Whether you are drawn to the vibrant green of peridot, the bold bands of sardonyx, or the sparkling versatility of spinel, there is a gemstone that perfectly represents the spirit of August. These stones not only celebrate the birth month but also offer a connection to the past, a symbol of personal meaning, and a lasting reminder of the beauty and significance of gemstones.